#4/2019 SUSTAINABILITY
December , 2019 (CD-ROM)=ISSN 2501-5591 ISSN-L 2501-5591 (Online)=ISSN 2559-4141
ATAY KAYA, I. and KUT GÖRGÜN, E. Formalization of Do It Yourself (DIY) Urbanism through co-production: examples from Turkey
Abstract
Despite the general negative perception, informality in urbanism is not always bad and does not only emerge in housing and economic activity areas. It also appears in and contributes to public spaces in DIY urbanism form. DIY urbanism includes informal, small scale, spontaneous interventions such as seats and signboards. This study aims at exploring the formalization process of DIY urbanism through co-production and showing possible contributions to urban space and decision-making process with examples from Turkey. Web-based search, direct observation and visual recording are research methods. The findings show that DIY urbanism appears as a positive informal action while citizens solve their problems and meet their needs themselves rather than waiting for government or public institutions. Yet it is only positive and to be formalized if they consider public interest and do not hesitate others’ interests. Formalization of DIY urbanism by co-production strengthens collaboration and communication in public space.
Keywords: DIY urbanism, informality, formalization, co-production, public space, Turkey
NOHA AHMED ABD EL AZIZ Weighting intrinsic cultural significance of historic parks in Egypt - a multi-criteria approach
Abstract
Historical parks are an essential and inalienable asset conjoining history and memories of communities; they are a part of the city’s cultural heritage that connects past, present and future generations. The pragmatic question addressed in this paper is how can a wide range of heritage values in historic parks be identified and prioritized in a way that informs policies and planning decisions? To answer this question, a Multi-Criteria Analysis was adopted. Delphi method was used to determine significance criteria and their weights. The study depended on the feedback from practitioners and academics in the field of cultural heritage preservation to examine the intrinsic significance of historic parks in Egypt (aesthetic, historical, scientific, social and spiritual values). Collected data were analyzed using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Cumulative Voting methods integrally, and Ranking method in parallel. Results from both methods and different experts are compared. Based upon the analysis, artistic and historical values (0.31) are the priorities; the second-level accommodated intangible historical values (0.22-0.24), finally the use and the condition of the park (0.11-0.12). Weights of sub-variables disclosed minor discrepancies in ranking “emotional attachment, exposer to disfiguration, and preserving original features” variables. Moreover, experts’ opinions fluctuated based on their backgrounds.
Keywords: historical parks, significance weighting, cultural heritage, parks in Egypt
BOȘTENARU-DAN, M. Southern German Baroque and immigration to Sathmar (Romania)
Abstract
The first court architect of the county Károlyi in NW Romania after the immigration of the Swabians was Josef Bittheuser, originary from Würzburg, Franken, Germany. The city of Würzburg displayed the splendour of Baroque under the Schönborn family of prince-bishops, the main architect of whom was Balthasar Neumann. The fascination of the architecture of the home city of Josef Bittheuser was in line with the Swabian immigrants who came from a region where land was owned by monasteries and were deeply religious and built new churches, the only built works of Josef Bittheuser which remained.
Keywords: Károlyi, Josef Bittheuser, Balthasar Neumann, Würzburg, Swabian
WANGZOM, D. Traditional FarmHouse and contemporary dwellings of Bhutan - a transformation
Abstract
Vernacular architecture is the physical manifestation of culture of a people and it comprises of dwellings and buildings of people. The dwellings are built in harmony with local environment using local materials and technologies.The vernacular or traditional farm houses in Bhutan has evolved over the centuries using age old skills and methods of construction. On the contrary, contemporary dwellings in Bhutan has come up over last decades due to urbanization leading to better social and economic lives. This paper seeks to present, compare vernacular and contemporary housing and discuss the transformation of vernacular houses into contemporary buildings. Transformation has brought in certian positive changes, however, the preservation of unique identity through the superficial incorporation of architectural features needs to be pondered upon, as there is threat of gradual loss of indigenous skills and methods of construction.
Keywords: vernacular ,traditional farm houses, contemporary buildings ,tranformation, architecture
ALEV, E. The Anatolian Urban Model based on the debate over Troia VI
Abstract
In recent years, the historian of ancient civilizations, Frank Kolb, started a debate about Troy VI, dating back to the Late Bronze Age. Besides questioning the claim of Korfmann that Troy VI was the commercial center and political capital of Late Bronze Age Anatolia, Kolb also put up for discussion the urban character of the settlement and accused Korfmann of exaggerating the importance of the location from all aspects. According to Kolb, Troy VI was never a significant commercial center of its era and never exhibited urban features.This article aims to question Kolb's argument that the Troy VI settlement did not exhibit urban characteristics on the basis of the urban parameters Kolb has set forth as well as by using new urban hypotheses and the Anatolian urban model.
Keywords: Troia VI, Anatolian Urban Model, urbanism, urban theories
ANTONESCU, D. and IORDACHE, R.-M. Regional Development and Cultural Heritage. Romanian case
Abstract
Cultural heritage is an important factor for people in a sensitive way, as they feel pride and ownership, which is not immediately and directly quantifiable.
The value added of projects should therefore be sought in the impact that heritage sites have on the local, regional and national communities, and the opportunity to use the sites for education in heritage, culture, art, history. Preservation and promotion of cultural heritage is very specific and costly. The Structural Funds provided more than M€ 7.2 for territorial projects in Romania (period 2007-2013). The article aims to evaluate the impact of structural and national Funds on cultural heritage, in Romania.
Keywords: regional development, cultural heritage Structural Funds, evaluation
LEOPA, S. Instruments for Metropolitan Development in Romania: between shortcomings and possibilities
Abstract
European urban agglomerations are becoming increasingly more complex, more resource-consuming, and more prominent from a political point of view: advanced metropolitan areas such as Amsterdam, Barcelona or Bologna are now touted as leaders of innovation and urban diplomacy, capturing interest and attracting investments. But shifting from competitiveness to convergence areas and towards Eastern Europe, size starts to become a management problem – especially at the odd, insufficiently-regulated metropolitan scale. With the resurgence of the metropolitan concept in the European discourse and subsequent financial incentives, new spatial planning and governance instruments have been implemented across the Eastern Europe.
This is the case of the Romanian Intercommunity Development Associations (IDA) managing Metropolitan Areas, which now reflect both the bold European aspirations for Integrated and Sustainable Urban Development as well as a profoundly unreformed local administration. In order to govern these territories, a new administrative and management model is needed – however, more ambitious projects such as the regionalisation or administrative overhaul are still very distant possibilities. Starting from this premise, the paper explores possibilities for soft reforms and incremental improvements within the current administrative framework, using the case of the Cluj Metropolitan Area IDA. It draws on the advantages and problems of having an NGO as a placeholder for consolidated local governance and advances a possible option for the organisation of IDAs in the next programming period (2021-2027) which proposes rescaling of competencies at metropolitan level, specifically for coordinating local investments as ESIF Intermediate Bodies.
Keywords: intermunicipal cooperation, subnational governance, metropolitan institutionalisation, Romanian intercommunity development associations